History - The First Greek Civilizations

Greek Geography
-mountainous peninsula
-numerous islands
-no big rivers so people are not united together (Rivers unify people) united- รวมตัวด้วยกัน 聯合的
-the mountains isolated Greeks from one another, causing different Greek communities to develop their own ways of life isolated- แยกออกโดดเดี่ยว 分離的
-fiercely independent fiercely- ดุร้าย 強烈地
-warfare warfare- สู้รบ 戰爭
Roots of Western Civilizations?
-Democracy democracy- ประชาธิปไตย 民主
-values independent, individual, and freedom
-competed each other

The Minoan Civilization
-Bronze Age (2800 B.C.)
-used bronze to make weapons
-in large island called Crete
-King Minos of Knossos --> legendary king of Crete
-sea trade with Egypt and southern Greece
-destruction of Minoan Civilization on Crete by tidal wave triggered by powerful volcanic eruption or the result of invasion by Mycenaeans

The First Greek State: Mycenae
-Mycenaean Greeks were part of Central Asian Nomads
-Monarchy with royal families Monarchy- ราชาธิปไตย 君主
-tholos tombs= where royal families were buried
-pottery / wall murals show war and hunting scenes murals- การวาดเพื่อเล่าเรื่องในอดีต 壁畫
-poetry of Homer
-Alliances

The Greeks Dark Age
-food shortage, people die
-fled to Ionia, Lesbos, Peloponnesus, Crete
-construct weapons by iron instead of bronze
-adopted the Phoenician alphabet for writing

Homer
Epic poem- long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero
Iliad- about Trojan War using trick to take the city
Odyssey- tale of Odysseus' Journey back home
The values Homer taught were courage and honor.
arete- hero strives for excellence
This benefited the Greeks because it taught students to be proud of their Greek heritage and their heroic ancestors.